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This article is orphaned as few or no other articles link to it. Please help introduce links in articles on related topics. (November 2007) |
Bear-lithia is a mineral water from Bear-Lithia Springs, Virginia. It contains carbonates of calcium and magnesium. It is used both as a table water and in the treatment of kidney trouble.
“A Report to an Academy” (”Ein Bericht für eine Akademie“) is a short story by Franz Kafka, written and published in 1917. In the story, an ape who has learned to behave like a human presents to an academy the story of how he effected his transformation. The story was first published by Martin Buber in the German monthly Der Jude, along with another of Kafka’s stories, “Jackals and Arabs” (”Schakale und Araber”). The story appeared again in a 1919 collection titled A Country Doctor (Ein Landarzt).
The narrator, speaking before a scientific conference, describes his former life as an ape. His story begins in a West African jungle, in which a hunting expedition shoots and captures him. Caged on a ship for his voyage to Europe, he finds himself for the first time without the freedom to move as he will. Needing to escape from this situation, he studies the habits of the crew, and imitates them with surprising ease; he reports encountering particular difficulty only in learning to drink alcohol. Throughout the story, the narrator reiterates that he learned his human behavior not out of any desire to be human, but only to provide himself with a means of escape from his cage.
Upon arriving in Europe, the ape realizes that he is faced with a choice between “the Zoological Garden or the Music Hall,” and devotes himself to becoming human enough to become an able performer. He accomplishes this, with the help of many teachers, and reports to the academy that his transformation is so complete that he can no longer properly describe his emotions and experiences as an ape. In concluding, the ape expresses a degree of satisfaction with his lot.
Walter Herbert Sokel has suggested that the story speaks to a conflict “between internal and external continuity in the ape’s existence”. The preservation of the life of the protagonist is dependent upon his casting off memory and identity; only by achieving the end of that internal identity could actual biological life be maintained. Thus, for the ape, “identity is performance”; “It is not a static essence, a given, but a constantly reenacted self-representation.”
The motif of the changeability of identity may have ramifications in the context of Zionism and the Jewish diaspora, as “A Report to an Academy” first appeared in a Zionist magazine. Nicholas Murray briefly suggests in his 2004 biography of Kafka that the story is a satirization of Jews’ assimilation into Western culture.
The story’s references to the protagonist’s “apish past” (”affisches Vorleben”) have led some literary theorists to associate the story with evolutionary theory.
In J.M. Coetzee’s novel Elizabeth Costello, the title character gives a central place to “A Report to an Academy” in her speech about vegetarianism and animal rights. She also suggests that Kafka may have been influenced by German psychologist Wolfgang Köhler’s The Mentality of Apes, also published in 1917.
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Mark Hellinger Theatre in June 2007
The Mark Hellinger Theatre was a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 237 West 51st Street in midtown-Manhattan until it was converted into the Times Square Church in 1989. The theater is most famous as the home of the original Broadway production of the musical My Fair Lady.
Designed by architect Thomas W. Lamb, the theater was built by Warner Bros. as a deluxe New York City movie palace. It opened as Warner’s Hollywood Theatre on April 22, 1930 with the film Hold Everything.
Throughout the next two decades it alternated between functioning as a a movie house and a legitimate theatre. It permanently converted to the latter as the Mark Hellinger Theatre, rechristened in honor of the Broadway critic and columnist. It opened under its new name on January 22, 1949 with the musical All for Love. The theater was one of Broadway’s most successful through the 1950’s and 60’s, offering many legendary musical shows.
The Nederlander Organization purchased the venue in 1970. Following a series of flops in the 1980s, they first leased, then later sold the theatre to the Times Square Church. Before selling Nederlander allegedly refused an offer to buy it from British impresario Cameron Mackintosh.
Although the front entrance to the building currently is located on 51st Street, this was actually a side entrance when the theater was built. The main entrance originally was on Broadway, with a narrow lobby leading to a Grand Foyer on 51st Street. The lobbies are sumptuous and large, the seating capacity of over 1800 is one of the largest in the theatre district, and the stage is among the largest and best-equipped of all of New York’s theaters. All of these factors have encouraged various parties to try and reclaim the building as a performing arts theater, but to no avail. The Times Square Church has maintained the theater’s interior decor intact and it is open to the public regularly for services and tours.
Gil González Dávila (a.k.a. Gil González de Ávila) was a Spanish Conquistador and the discoverer of Nicaragua.
González Dávila first appears in historical records in 1508, when he received a royal commission to examine accounts and tax records of estates. He probably traveled soon afterward to Santo Domingo for his assignment, and to establish himself. In 1511, from Valladolid, Spain, he was given the title of Accountant of Hispaniola, replacing Cristóbal de Cuéllar. His enhanced position enabled him to become a landowner and he soon had an estate with over 200 Indian slaves.
In 1518, González delivered a report to King Carlos which was highly critical of the colonial management of Hispaniola. He was at Ávila in Spain when he was approached by Andrés Niño. Niño was an expert pilot and resident of the Spanish Main. He had come to Spain to seek Court support for an exploration of the Pacific Coast. His first attempts had failed, but then he encountered González, a retainer of the bishop of Palencia. The bishop, Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca, was president of the Council of the Indies. With his help, González and Niño obtained approval for the venture from King Carlos. An expedition was planned, with González as captain, Niño as pilot, and Andrés de Cereceda as treasurer.
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In June 1519, King Carlos gave his consent to the expedition.. González and Niño immediately departed for the Indies, and then proceeded to Acla in Panama, arriving in January 1520. González presented his royal commission to the governor of Panama, authorizing him to examine the tax records of the colony of Panama and prepare the expedition for exploration of the Pacific coast of Central America. The governor, known as Pedrarias, resented this scrutiny of his taxing authority and encroachment on territory for which he had his own plans. He blocked investigation of the taxes, and inhibited Gonzalez’s efforts to obtain seaworthy ships, supplies, and men for the expedition. Unable to acquire ships, González and Niño began construction of four brigantines on Terarequi in the Pearl Islands, in the gulf of Panama.
On January 26, 1522, the expedition left from Terarequi but was forced to land in western Panama after four days because of leaking ships. González disembarked with the main body of the army, and marched northwest along the coast and into southern Nicaragua. Niño, after making repairs, sailed along the coast until he reached a gulf along the Nicaraguan coast, where the army and fleet were reunited. It was agreed that Niño would leave two ships there and continue north along the coast with the other two to search for a strait or channel that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.. He would eventually discover and take formal possession of the bay of Corinto, and then the Gulf of Fonseca, which he named in honor of their patron, bishop Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca.
González proceeded to explore the fertile western valleys and was impressed with the Indian civilization he found there. He discovered the lakes later named Nicaragua and Managua. He and his small army gathered gold and baptized Indians along the way. Eventually, they so imposed upon the Indians that they were attacked and threatened with annihilation. Nevertheless, González managed to extricate his force and retreat to the gulf where his ships were anchored. They boarded the ships and headed south.
In June 1523, González returned to Panama with 3 leaky ships, 100 exhausted men, and considerable gold. He told of his discovery of “Nicaragua” and its people, cities, and wealth. He named the territory after an Indian king “Nic-atl-nauac”, which was rendered in Spanish as “Nicarao”.
Governor Pedrarias saw an opportunity for himself in Nicaragua, and moved to gain control of the situation. He attempted to arrest González and confiscate his treasure. However, González managed to avoid capture and escaped to his base in Santo Domingo. There, he used the fortune he had acquired to outfit another expedition for a return to Nicaragua.
By the end of 1523, González had returned to claim the territory granted to him by royal decree; i.e., Honduras and Nicaragua. He decided to avoid a direct clash with Pedrarias by landing with a large force at a suitable harbor on the north coast of Honduras. He set up his base there and named it St. Gil de Buena Vista. In the summer of 1524, he took a strong force and began a march to the south, towards the western valley of Nicaragua, where he had operated before. En route, he met a Spanish platoon and learned that “his” territory had been invaded by an army sent by governor Pedrarias from Panama. The army commander was Francisco Hernández de Córdoba.
The platoon was forced to return south with a warning to vacate the area. Córdoba sent a small force under command of Hernando de Soto to deal with González. Soto was caught in a stealthy attack, but managed to defend himself. Then the two called a truce and Soto thought they could come to an agreement, but González tricked him. With reinforcements, he attacked again and captured Soto’s force. However, in a gesture of good will, and perhaps fearing the much larger army of Córdoba, he released the prisoners and returned to Buena Vista.
In 1523, Cristóbal de Olid arrived with an army with orders from Hernán Cortés to establish a colony for him. Olid established the colony near the town today called Trujillo, and then made himself governor in defiance of both Cortés and González. In 1524, Cortés decided it was necessary to send Francisco de las Casas with another force to rectify the situation. Instead, Olid took control and captured both las Casas and González. Eventually, his own men betrayed Olid, and freed the prisoners. A summary trial was held, Olid was found guilty of treason, and he was beheaded.
Las Casas and González decided to join forces, and both declared their loyalty to Cortés. Las Casas proceeded to establish the required colony with headquarters in Trujillo. González placed a lieutenant in charge of his Buena Vista base. Then the two captains returned to Mexico to obtain supplies and reinforcements for the colony. Meanwhile, Cortés himself had decided to journey to Honduras to insure the establishement and security of the colony.
When Las Casas and González arrived in Mexico, they found Salazar de la Pedrada in charge, having been placed there by Cortés. They refused to acknowledge his authority, stating their loyalty to Cortés, or if he had died, to Pedro de Alvarado. Salazar had them arrested and prosecuted for the murder of Olid. He intended to execute them, but was finally forced to send them as prisoners to Spain.
González’s fate upon arrival in Spain is unknown. His old patron, bishop de Fonseca, had died in 1524, and his new patron, Hernán Cortés, had his own problems which caused him to return to Spain to recover favor with the King. Gil González Dávila died in 1543. The only clue to his vindication and return to Mexico was a son and namesake. Gil González de Ávila, Alonso de Ávila, and Martin Cortés became involved in a conspiracy against the viceroy of New Spain. They were arrested and executed in Mexico in 1566.
The Rosarium philosophorum sive pretiosissimum donum Dei (’Rose-garden of the philosophers, or most valuable gift of God’) is an illuminated manuscript containing an alchemic treatise dated to 1578. It contains a Czech translation of an earlier medieval Latin alchemic tract titled Rosarium philosophorum. Its author is Jaroš Griemiller z Trebska. It is notable for the high artistic value of its miniatures, which is unusual for manuscripts of its type. It is kept in the National Library of Prague, Czech Republic.
| David Koehler | |
Illinois State Senator David Koehler |
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Member of the Illinois Senate from the 46th district |
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| In office 2006 - |
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| Born | December 16, 1948 South Dakota |
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| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Nora Sullivan Koehler |
| Religion | Protestant |
David Koehler is a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate, representing the 46th District since December 2006.
Koehler and his wife Nora have three daughters and one granddaughter. He graduated from Yankton College (Bachelor of Arts, 1971) and United Theological Seminary (Master of Divinity). He is currently co-owner of the Peoria Bread Company.
Nepal Telecom (NT/NTC) is the leading and the largest telecommunication company of Nepal. It is also known as Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited (NDCL). A former government monopoly, it was converted into a Public Limited Company on April 14, 2004. However, as of January 2007, no share has been issued to the public yet. Nepal Telecom was the only provider of basic telephony services in Nepal until United Telecom Limited started providing services in 2003.
The Central Office of Nepal Telecom is located at Bhadrakali, Kathmandu. It has branches, exchanges and other offices in 184 locations within the country.
It is the sole provider of PSTN, ISDN and Leased-Line services in Nepal. Following the entry of Spice Nepal into Nepal’s telecommunications industry, it is no longer the only provider of GSM service. With 4828 employees, it is one of the largest corporations of Nepal. It has a total of 190 telephone exchanges in various part of the country serving 470,212 PSTN lines and more than a million GSM cellular phones as of Jan 2008. NT served about 95.7% of the total telephone subscribers of Nepal, as of early 2007.
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| I Need You | |||||
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| Studio album by LeAnn Rimes | |||||
| Released | January 30, 2001 and March 26, 2002 | ||||
| Recorded | 2000 | ||||
| Genre | Pop/Country | ||||
| Length | Original Version 39:12 Re-release Version 59:59 |
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| Label | Curb | ||||
| Producer | Wilbur C. Rimes LeAnn Rimes Chuck Howard Mike Curb Trevor Horn Peter Collins |
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I Need You is the sixth album by LeAnn Rimes, released in 2001. The album was released by Curb Records as a collection of promotional tracks and B-sides to help satisfy Rimes’ recording contract obligations during litigation with the label and her management. The album was re-released on March 26, 2002 with four remix bonus tracks and the song “Light the Fire Within” which LeAnn performed at the 2002 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Salt Lake City.
The album was publicly disowned by Rimes in 2002 because it was “cobbled together with studio outtakes.” (CMT.com)
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| Salem, Arkansas | |
 Location of Salem, Saline County, Arkansas |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
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| State | Arkansas |
| County | Saline |
| Area | |
| - Total | 3.5 sq mi (9.0 km²) |
| - Land | 3.4 sq mi (8.9 km²) |
| - Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.1 km²) |
| Elevation | 469 ft (143 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Total | 2,789 |
| - Density | 815.3/sq mi (314.8/km²) |
| Time zone | Central (CST) (UTC-6) |
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) |
| FIPS code | 05-62210 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0054484 |
Salem is a census-designated place (CDP) in Saline County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,789 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Salem is located at (34.629565, -92.561668).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.0 km²), of which, 3.4 square miles (8.9 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (1.15%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,789 people, 1,069 households, and 857 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 815.3 people per square mile (314.9/km²). There were 1,096 housing units at an average density of 320.4/sq mi (123.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.03% White, 0.32% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. 1.08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,069 households out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.7% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $44,681, and the median income for a family was $52,216. Males had a median income of $33,207 versus $26,337 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,301. About 3.9% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Angel G. Luévano, et al., Plaintiffs v. Alan Campbell, Director, Office of Personnel Management, et al. also known as Luévano v. Campbell,
Luévano v. Campbell began when Angel G. Luévano, and a group of civil rights lawyers, acting on behalf of those blacks and Hispanics who had failed the test (Luévano being one of them) filed a lawsuit alleging that the Professional and Administrative Careers Examination (PACE) written test used by Civil Service Commission had an adverse impact on African Americans and Hispanics.
The class-action suit was filed against Alan Campbell, the director of the Office of Personnel Management (or Civil Service Commission, as it was then called). Though Campbell was the named defendant in the case, approximately 45 other federal departments and agencies, all agencies that had ever used the PACE, were listed as representatives of the defendant class.
PACE was the principal entry-level test administered to candidates for positions in the federal government’s executive branch. The suit asked the judge to declare that the OPM, by using the test, had deprived the plaintiffs of rights secured by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The Luévano consent decree is the 1981 agreement that settled the lawsuit and called for the elimination of PACE and required replacing it with alternative examinations. In response to the consent decree, OPM developed the Administrative Careers with America examination. The consent decree also established two special hiring programs, Outstanding Scholar and Bilingual/Bicultural, for limited use in filling former PACE positions.
